Hurricane Induced Power Failures

The following subjects are covered:

1. Precautions to Take (Before)
2. If There is a Power Failure (What to do)
3. If You Have to Evacuate (What to do before leaving)
4. After the Power Returns (What to do, when to do it, and how to do it)

Introduction

Power supply interruptions which can last from a few hours to several days can be caused by hurricanes which damage power lines and equipment. An extended power failure after a hurricane, can result in cold, damp homes, severe living conditions and damage to walls, floors and plumbing.

Following these simple suggestions can reduce the harmful effects of power and heating failure after a hurricane.

Precautions to Take:

• You can install a non-electric standby stove or heater. Choose heating units that are not dependent on an electric motor, electric fan or some other electrical device to function. It is also important to adequately vent the stove or heater with the type of chimney flue specified for it. Never connect two heating units to the same chimney flue at the same time. If it is necessary to vent the standby heater to the existing chimney flue used by the furnace, first disconnect the furnace from it.
• If you have a wood-burning fireplace, clean the flue every fall in preparation for its use for home heating (i.e. sustained use at high temperatures). The creosote in a flue can be ignited by sustained high temperatures and develop into a chimney fire.
• If you have a fireplace, keep a good supply of fuel on hand. Do not forget that starting a fire requires a good supply of paper, kindling (shingles or small twigs), larger pieces of wood (split pieces of 2x4’s or 2inch wide tree branches) and lastly larger logs. All wood should be selected well before the emergency and stored in a dry place.  Your paper, kindling and larger pieces of wood can be stored in a large covered Walmart’s container.
• Successful fire starting is best accomplished in the following manner.  Have all 4 categories of fuel at hand before starting, each in it’s own separate pile.  Place a large bundle of paper in the fireplace and light it, place a large pile of kindling on the paper.  Light the paper. When the kindling is burning well, place half of your larger pieces of wood on the fire.  When the larger pieces of wood are burning well, place the second half of your larger pieces of wood on the fire.  When this second half of the larger pieces of wood are burning well, place a few split logs on the fire.  Add more logs, as needed.
• If the standby heating unit will use the normal house oil or gas supply, have it connected with shut-off valves by a competent technician.
• Before considering the use of an emergency generator during a power failure, check with furnace, appliance and lighting fixture dealers or manufacturers regarding power requirements and proper operating procedures.
• If someone in the home relies on electrically powered life-sustaining equipment, register with your electric supply authority and your community emergency program.
• Keep an emergency survival kit -- containing provisions for at least three days -- stored in a handy place. The kit should include:
   
  • non-perishable food and water
  • emergency lighting such as flashlights with spare batteries, candles, matches/lighter, or coal-oil lanterns and fuel
  • fuel stove and fuel (follow manufacturer's instructions)
  • blankets and warm clothing
  • a battery-powered radio and spare batteries.

You should also prepare a portable emergency survival kit in the event that you have to evacuate your home.

If There Is a Power Failure

Check whether the power failure is limited to your home. If your neighbors' power is still on, check your own circuit-breaker panel or fuse box. If the problem is not a breaker or a fuse, check the service wires leading to the house. If they are obviously damaged or on the ground, stay well back and notify your electric supply authority (keep the number along with other emergency numbers near your telephone).

If your neighbors' power is also out, notify your electric supply authority.

Turn off all tools, appliances and electronic equipment -- and turn the thermostat(s) for the home heating or air conditioning system down to minimum -- for the following reasons:

• Tools and appliances left on will start up automatically upon restoration of service; turning them off will prevent injury, damage or fire.
• If a power surge follows start-up, it could damage sensitive electronic equipment such as computers, microwaves and VCRs. (Protecting these appliances with a surge-proof powerbar is a smart and inexpensive precaution.)
• Power can be restored more easily when there is not a heavy load on the electrical system.

Leave one light switch on, so you know when power is restored.

Don't open your freezer or fridge unless it is absolutely necessary. A full freezer will keep food frozen for 24 to 36 hours if the door remains closed.

Don't use charcoal or gas barbecues, camping heating equipment or home generators indoors. They give off carbon monoxide. Because you can't smell or see it, carbon monoxide can cause health problems and even kill you before you know it's there.

Use proper candle holders. Never leave lit candles unattended.

Use your battery-powered radio for local information.

Remember that even in very hot weather, a house with closed doors and windows will not become too hot for comfort for several hours.

If you have a backup cooling unit, turn it on before the house gets too hot.

Home generators are handy for backup electricity in case of an outage, but there are hazards to keep in mind. Serious accidents can result when a home generator is connected to an existing electrical circuit. If the electricity produced by the home generator follows the electrical lines back to the transformer, and the current is transformed to a higher voltage, the lives of any utility employees working on the lines nearby are endangered. Anyone touching equipment powered by the generator is also in danger. Also, when the main electric power comes back on, a generator connected to the existing electrical circuit will result in an explosion and fire.

Direct installation of a generator to an existing electrical system should only be done by a qualified technician and approved by your electric supply authority.

To operate a generator safely:

• ·       Follow the manufacturer's instructions.
• ·       Always ensure that the generator operates outdoors in well-ventilated conditions, well away from doors or windows, to prevent exhaust gases from entering the house.
• ·       Connect lights and appliances directly to the generator. If extension cords must be used, ensure they are properly rated, CSA-approved cords.

If You Have to Evacuate

If the house must be evacuated, protect it by taking the following precautions:

• Turn off the main breaker or switch of the circuit-breaker panel or power-supply box.  
• Listen to a battery-operated or car radio for more detailed local advice and instructions.

Downed Power Line

Call your electric supply authority with the exact location of the downed line. Keep back a minimum of 33 feet from wires or anything in contact with them and warn others of the danger. Always assume that the lines are live. It is difficult to distinguish between power lines and other utility lines (for example, telephone or cable lines) and they also carry sufficient power to cause harm. Therefore, treat all lines as a danger.

After the Power Returns

If the main electric switch was turned off, check to ensure appliances, electric heaters, TVs, microwave ovens, computers, etc are unplugged to prevent damage from a power surge when the power is restored.

• Do not enter a flooded basement unless you are sure the power is disconnected.
• Do not use flooded appliances, electrical outlets, switch boxes or fuse-breaker panels until they have been checked and cleaned by a qualified technician.
• Switch on the main electric supply.
• Give the electrical system a chance to stabilize before reconnecting tools and appliances. Turn the air conditioning system thermostats up first, followed in a couple of minutes by reconnection of the fridge and freezer. Wait 10 to 15 minutes before reconnecting all other tools and appliances.  
• Make sure that the hot water heater is filled before turning on its power supply.
• Rinse out dishwasher and washing machine if necessary.
• Warm house slightly above normal temperature for a few hours to allow it to dry thoroughly.
• Check food supplies in refrigerators, freezers and cupboards for signs of spoilage. If a freezer door has been kept closed, food should stay frozen 24 to 36 hours, depending on the temperature. When food begins to defrost (usually after two days), it should be cooked; otherwise it should be destroyed in accordance with instructions from your local public health authorities.
• As a general precaution, keep a bag of ice cubes in the freezer. If you return home after a period of absence and the ice has melted and refrozen, there is a good chance that the food is spoiled.
• Restock your emergency survival kit so the supplies will be there when needed again.